KWAN: Some stuff I have to actually tone down. Is that - that all of the details of how these people live, is it's all drawn from memories and real life? But it describes things that I simply cannot believe but I'm told are all true. And it's - what's amazing - I mean, the book is funny and charming, and I can't wait to find out what happens and all that good stuff. And it's really about the clash between old money and new money and what happens when a very innocent girl from New York goes to spend the summer holidays with her boyfriend and doesn't realize he's basically the Prince Harry of Singapore. Which - you know, the tiny island with the most millionaires in the world. KWAN: You know? It's - the first novel is set in Singapore. KWAN: It's basically "Downton Abbey" in Asia. But for the few people who have not either read your books or seen the movie, could you briefly describe the milieu that you write about? SAGAL: So I have - I've been, like, knee-deep in your world all week, and it's delightful. The book has spawned two sequels and a very successful movie just this year. So he wrote a novel about it called "Crazy Rich Asians," and people loved it. Kevin Kwan was born to a wealthy family in Singapore, and once he moved to the United States, he realized nobody would believe the world he grew up in. This is an example of a negative punishment in which a positive stimulus is taken away.And now the game where people who've come a long way are introduced to things they missed on the way there. A teen girl does not clean up her room as she was asked, so her parents take away her phone for the rest of the day.This acts as a positive punisher, making it less likely that you will finish projects late in the future. If you fail to hand in a project on time, your boss becomes angry and berates your performance in front of your co-workers.By removing an unpleasant stimulus (the final test), students are negatively reinforced to attend class regularly. A professor tells students that if they have perfect attendance all semester, then they do not have to take the final comprehensive exam.You train your dog to fetch by offering him praise and a pat on the head whenever he performs the behavior correctly.This acts as a positive reinforcer, inspiring you to try out for more performance roles. After performing in a community theater play, you receive applause from the audience.This also tends to lead to a fast response rate and slow extinction rate. This schedule involves delivering reinforcement after a variable amount of time has elapsed. Variable-interval schedules are the final form of partial reinforcement Skinner described.This leads to both a high response rate and slow extinction rates. Variable-ratio schedules are also a type of partial reinforcement that involve reinforcing behavior after a varied number of responses.Response rates remain fairly steady and start to increase as the reinforcement time draws near, but slow immediately after the reinforcement has been delivered. Reinforcement occurs only after a certain interval of time has elapsed. Fixed-interval schedules are another form of partial reinforcement.This typically leads to a fairly steady response rate. Responses are reinforced only after a specific number of responses have occurred. Fixed-ratio schedules are a type of partial reinforcement. Extinction also occurs very quickly once reinforcement is halted. Learning tends to occur relatively quickly, yet the response rate is quite low.
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